内容摘要：When Rudd returned to the helm a second time in 2013, he got his party to tighten the rules for switching leader. A ballot for a new prime minister now requires the support of 75% of Labor lawmakers instead of a simple majority. Party members who pay a membership fee but don’t hold elected offices also have a say in the result.

When Rudd returned to the helm a second time in 2013, he got his party to tighten the rules for switching leader. A ballot for a new prime minister now requires the support of 75% of Labor lawmakers instead of a simple majority. Party members who pay a membership fee but don’t hold elected offices also have a say in the result.

Vargas Llosa came to be a fierce defender of personal and economic liberties, gradually edging away from his communism-linked past, and regularly attacked Latin American leftist leaders he viewed as dictators.Although an early supporter of the Cuban revolution led by Fidel Castro, he later grew disillusioned and denounced Castro’s Cuba. By 1980, he said he no longer believed in socialism as a solution for developing nations.

In a famous incident in Mexico City in 1976, Vargas Llosa punched fellow Nobel Prize winner and ex-friend García Márquez, whom he later ridiculed as “Castro’s courtesan.” It was never clear whether the fight was over politics or a personal dispute, as neither writer ever wanted to discuss it publicly.As he slowly turned his political trajectory toward free-market conservatism, Vargas Llosa lost the support of many of his Latin American literary contemporaries and attracted much criticism even from admirers of his work.Students learn about Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa at a public library in Lima, Peru, Oct. 7, 2010. (AP Photo/Martin Mejia, File)

Students learn about Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa at a public library in Lima, Peru, Oct. 7, 2010. (AP Photo/Martin Mejia, File)Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa was born March 28, 1936, in Peru’s southern city of Arequipa, high in the Andes at the foot of the Misti volcano.

His father, Ernesto Vargas Maldonado, left the family before he was born. To avoid public scandal, his mother, Dora Llosa Ureta, took her child to Bolivia, where her father was the Peruvian consul in Cochabamba.

Vargas Llosa said his early life was “somewhat traumatic,” pampered by his mother and grandmother in a large house with servants, his every whim granted.Peregrines that made nests among the glass and steel of big cities seem to have avoided the worst of the bird flu outbreak decimating their country cousins.

City falcons, which eat songbirds and pigeons among other birds, haven’t seen the same declines, Clark said. And they’ve successfully added buildings and bridges to the their natural habitats, which include places like the Delaware Water Gap and the Palisades overlooking New York from the New Jersey side of the Hudson River.Some even made a home on the busy George Washington Bridge, where scientists recently fitted chicks with anklets for tracking. New York state conservation officials estimate that the Big Apple has the largest urban population of peregrines around.

“We’re starting to see increases in success so that in New York City, we are at the point where we’re probably the most concentrated, populated peregrine falcon nesting in the whole world at this point. We have about 30 nesting pairs,” Nadareski said.The bird’s popularity, tethered in large part to its status as the world’s fastest, has soared recently, with thousands following live cams of peregrines around the country.